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<P align="justify">The shaman's drum … <P align="justify">The shaman's drum, or troll drum, is an important feature of [[Shamanism|shamanism]] in Saami mythology. The shaman, or seer, used the drum to drive himself into a trance. The drum was also used to foretell the future, and heads of households often used drums for this purpose. The drum was kept in the sacrosanct back part of the Lapp hut, and women were prohibited from playing them.</p>
<P align="justify"> The drums used in the Saami area can be classified according to their structure and method of manufacture. The drum of the southern region was a frame drum, further north a goblet drum was used, and the drum of the Kemi region was a polygonal frame drum. The decoration of the membrane also varied regionally.</p>
<P align="justify"> The North Saami word for a shaman's drum was <i>goavddis</i>. This is derived from the word meaning a covering <i>goavdi</i>, which is of the same origin as the Finnish word <i>kansi</i>, cover. The words used for the shaman's drum in Lule and Pite Saami as well as in the east in Kildin and Ter Saami are similarly derived.</p>
* Holmberg U. 1915: 97–108,
* Manker E. 1939/1950,
* Itkonen T. I. 1948 2: 333–44,
* Bäckmann L. 1978: 66–79,
* SSA 1 1991:302<BR><BR>
[[Meavrresgárri, the shaman drum]]<BR><BR>rri, the shaman drum]]<BR><BR> +
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