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englanti +
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Christian Carpelan +
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Ethnic Identification +
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Archaeology +
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30 joulukuu 2014 10:15:03 +
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Artikkeli +
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<P align="justify"> Ethnic identific … <P align="justify"> Ethnic identification means the identification of the ethnic nature of an archaeological culture. The goal is to find those cultural features that are significant with regard to the ethnic self-expression of communities. Ethnicity expresses communal affiliation, but a member of a community may also belong to other systems that transcend the borders of the community. Both ethnic affiliation and other forms of membership are expressed in signs which should be distinguished from one another in the archaeological material, although perhaps only a small quantity of the signs have been produced from the surviving raw material.</P>
<P align="justify"> [[Language|Language]] is a feature that strongly determines, represents and maintains ethnic affiliation, but it is immaterial in nature. In a material form, the traces of languages that were spoken in ancient times have survived only as writings on various surfaces, but none of these have been produced in the area covered by this encyclopaedia. Whether the distributions of archaeological and historical linguistic evidence can be compared with one another is a methodological question which divides scholars into those who are in principle for such a comparison and those who are in principle against it. However, it seems to be clear that the routes taken by loan words ([[Borrowing|word]]) and other forms of linguistic borrowing have been the same as those of archaeologically discovered cultural movements. These movements may be in the form of influences transferred through contacts between communities (diffusion) or of the movement of whole contexts through the migrations of peoples, which itself can in turn cause diffusion.</P>
<P align="justify"> The question of migrations also divides scholars. The article dealing with the Saami identity presupposes a positive stance towards these fundamental questions. It should also be noted that, since an ethnic group is defined by certain cultural features including language, it is also a matter of a chronologically limited entity. With time both cultural features and language change to such an extent that if one goes back in time one can no longer directly recognise from them the historically identified and named ethnic group, although it is clear that they represent the ancestors of this group. Consequently it is not possible any longer to use the same name for the preceding entity. <BR><BR> [[Archaeology|Archaeology.]]</P><BR><BR>
[[Table of contents: Archaeology| Table of contents: Archaeology]]<BR><BR>ontents: Archaeology]]<BR><BR> +
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