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englanti +
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Christian Carpelan +
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Dating +
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Archaeology +
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30 joulukuu 2014 10:08:10 +
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Artikkeli +
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<P align="justify"> Dating is a prec … <P align="justify"> Dating is a precondition for creating a chronology. In history, the basis of dating is the information that has survived in written sources. In [[Archaeology|archaeology]], the basis consists in the comparison of artefacts (typology), the distinguishing of the earth's strata (stratigraphy) and a number of independent natural scientific methods of dating. The term ‘dating’ is also used to describe the product of the process of dating. This may be in terms of age (e.g. 1000 years) or a date (e.g. 1000 B.C.) </P>
<P align="justify"> With regard to the subject of this encyclopaedia, the most important natural scientific dating method is radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) dating, colloquially called the C14 method, which is used both in archaeology and in environmental history, and which offers limitless possibilities for comparative study. The main drawback with it is that ‘radiocarbon years’, the calculation of which begins retrogressively from the year A.D. 1950, are longer than solar years and vary in length themselves. The counting of annual growth rings of trees (dendrochronology) is another independent natural scientific dating method that is used in both archaeology and environmental history. Dendrochronology can be directly applied to artefacts made from wood. It is extremely significant that dendrochronological research has been able to produce chronologies of thousands of years, and applying them it has made it possible to create methods for correcting or calibrating radiocarbon years to correspond with solar years. Most of the prehistoric dates in the encyclopaedia are based on radiocarbon dating calibrated using a method based on calculating the median of cumulative probability distribution by means of the Cal25 computer program developed in the University of Gronigen. In eastern and northern [[Fennoscandia|Fennoscandia]], independent dating methods based on archaeomagnetism and the thermolumninescence of mineral materials have also been applied. Prehistoric archaeological [[Archaeology|(archaeology)]] finds have also been dated by a chronology based on the displacement of the shoreline resulting from the uplift of the earth; however, this chronology itself has been obtained from radiocarbon dating.</P><BR><BR>
[[Table of contents: Archaeology| Table of contents: Archaeology]]<BR><BR>ontents: Archaeology]]<BR><BR> +
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