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<P align="justify">Proto-Indo-European is the oldest {{Artikkelilinkki|0121|proto-language}} that can be reconstructed for the modern Indo-European languages. The Indo-European language family is very extensive: it includes a large number of the languages of India and southern Asia (e.g. Hindi, Urdu, Persian), which belong to the Aryan, or Indo-Persian, branch, the Slavic languages, the {{Artikkelilinkki|0124|Baltic languages}}, the {{Artikkelilinkki|0185|Scandinavian languages}}, which together with the other Germanic languages like German, Dutch and English are descended from {{Artikkelilinkki|0125|Proto-Germanic}}, the Romance languages (French, Italian,Portuguese, Spanish and some smaller related languages, which are all descended from Latin), the Celtic language as well as s Albanian, Armenian, Greek and some extinct ancient languages like Hittite and Tocharian. The most reliable estimation of the area where Proto-Indo-European was spoken links it to the Srednyi Stog culture which flourished in the Ukraine c. 4500-3350 B.C. This is evidenced by a common vocabulary referring to a Bronze Age culture. The successor of the Srednyi Stog culture, the Kurgan (Barrow) culture, which flourished on the southern steppes of eastern Europe between 3600 and 2200 B.C., represents the stage at which Proto-Indo-European began to split up and disperse. In the Finno-Ugric languages, including the {{Artikkelilinkki|20140721171759|Saami languages}}, there are numerous loan words borrowed from different members of the Indo-European family (see the above-mentioned list). The oldest borrowings are thought to have come into Proto-Uralic because the words are widely distributed in both language families. Some of the oldest Indo-European loan words in Saami which are also widely distributed in related languages are: </P> * <i>bodnat</i> to twin, * <i>goahti</i> tent (cf. Finnish <i>kota</i> id. and Hungarian <i>ház</i> house), * <i>golgat</i> to go, travel (cf. Finnish <i>kulkea</i>) and * <i>namma</i> name .<BR><BR>
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