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<P align="justify"> The traditional … <P align="justify"> The traditional chant ([[Joik - traditional song|<i>juoiggus</i>]]) has continued to thrive in those regions that are inhabited by the Saami. However, big changes have taken place both in its significance and in the way it is performed. Earlier the audience was mainly comprised of members of the Saami community, but today the traditional <i>juoiggus</i> is also performed as a kind of popular entertainment. And at the same time it has become increasingly used as an exotic element in other kinds of music. Saami musicians have introduced it into jazz, orchestral music, musical plays and so on. Today Saami music comprises all forms of music performed by Saami musicians irrespective of its style. However, contemporary music that has used the traditional Saami chant is of particular importance within this spectrum. Its pioneer was Nils-Aslak [[Valkeapää, Nils Aslak (engl. ver.)|Valkeapää]], who was the first artist to publish an album of recordings that included North Saami chants with an instrumental backing. The album, called Joikuja, was issued on a literary record label by Otava (OT-LP 50) in 1968. Partly thanks to this record, the traditional Saami chant enjoyed a renaissance and became a symbol of the new Saami identity. And in Finland, Saami Radio, which had begun to operate about that time, played juoiggus in its programmes.</P>
<P align="justify"> Inspired by Valkeapää, groups that used chanting in their music grew up alongside traditional Saami juoiggus artists. One of these, Dædnugádde Nuorat, experimented with new elements in their music and in their lyrics drew attention to current Saami political issues. It was followed by groups like <i>Máze nieddat</i> and <i>Ailu Gapuin s Ivnniiguin</i>. </P><P align="justify"> However, the importance of Nils-Aslak Valkeapää for the development of Saami music went beyond the initial inspiration provided by his <i>Joikuja</i> album. Together with other juoiggus artists, he made records like Vuoi, Biret-Máret, vuoi that combined several other genres of music with traditional Saami music. His collaboration with Seppo Paroni Paakkunainen created the albums <i>Sámi eadnam duoddariid</i> [The Fells of Saami] in 1978, <i>Davás ja geassi</i> [To the North and summer] and <i>Sápmi, vuoi Sápmi</i>! in 1982 and the double album <i>Sápmi lottažan</i> 1 2 [Sápmi my bird], in which the sounds of nature and those of music combine to express a Saami view of the world.</P>
<P align="justify"> Saami vocal music was brought to the attention of the world by Mari Boine from Karasjok in Norway. Her repertoire ranges from children s songs (<i>Suga, suga su</i> [Lullaby song]) through songs that take a stand on Saami political issues to international music enriched by juoiggus chanting. Numerous albums by her have appeared: her début record <i>Jaskatvuođa máŋŋá</i> [After the Silence] came out in 1985, but her real breakthrough came with <i>Gula gula</i> [Listen, Listen] in 1989. Since then she has made albums like <i>Goaskinvjellja</i> [Eagle Brother](1993) and <i>Leahkastin</i> [I Opened] (1994).</P>
<P align="justify"> In Finland the best known Saami artists are Wimme (Johan Wilhelm) Saari from Enontekiö and the duo Angelit, made up by Tuuni and Ursula Länsman from Angeli in the municipality of Inari. Angelit, then called Angelin tytöt [The Girls of Angeli] made their first record <i>Dolla</i> [The Fire] in 1992. Ulla Pirttijärvi, who was then a member of the group, has since made solo albums performing juoiggus. The Dolla album contains the girls own compositions as well as traditional juoiggus chants adapted to international styles of music. Angelit has made several other records since then, and they have collaborated with the heavy rock band Waltari.</P>
<P align="justify"> Wimme Saari probably got the initial impulse for his musical career when as a sound controller for the Finnish Broadcasting Company he discovered recordings of juoiggus made by his own relatives in the company s collections of traditional music. Wimme has developed the range of juoiggus in his music by increasing the element of improvisation. He has been a vocalist in groups like Tallari, Pohjantahti and Hedningarna. His development into an independent solo artist began from his collaboration with the RinneRadio group led by the saxophone player, Tapani Rinne. He made three records with this group, including Joik in 1993. His début solo album Wimme earned him the title of Folk Musician of the Year in 1995. Since then he has brought out <i>Gierran</i> [Spell] in 1997 and <i>Cugu</i> [Whelp] in 2000.</P>
<P align="justify"> The spectrum of Saami music also includes tango songs. These feature in Eero Magga s album <i>Beaivváš eana</i> [Land of the Sun] issued in 1955 and Tiina Aikio s <i>Sámi váimmus</i> [Lapland in My Heart]. Liisa and Olavi Jomppanen of Lemmenjoki have also made a record containing juoiggus chants in 1980.</P>
<P align="justify"> The South Saami musical tradition has been exploited by the group Frode Fjellheim Trans Joik Ensamble. East Saami vocal music has not yet been used in modern Saami music to the same extent as that of other regions, although Nils-Aslak Valkeapää s records do contain some examples of <i>leuˊdd</i> singing performed by Jaakko Gauriloff.</P><P align="justify"> [[Music|Music]] </P>n="justify"> [[Music|Music]] </P> +
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